Final Essay

What is the message being conveyed in rap music?

            The messages being conveyed through a controversial genre of music such as rap are explicit and detrimental from a social standpoint. The music genre rap is derived from hip-hop.  The music rap developed rapidly in America and during this process the lyrics were considered highly controversial. Just recently resarch concludes according to the author Paul Butler “hip-hop (rap) already has had a significant social impact and it is the second best-selling genre of music in the United States” (Butler 2). The messages are displayed through the content of the lyrics and visual settings such as music videos and promotion purposes. This particular genre of music called rap has several different negative factor associated with it in a variety of ways. The music is “bold, rebellious, often profane, the music has multicultural detractors as well as fans” (Butler 5). This expression of music can have a negative influence on society considering the music has a major social impact on certain cultures and individuals. However many individuals are prepared to defend this particular style of music due to the financial aspect and recognition that comes with it. Artists and music labels benefit the most from rap music.

            According to Rachel Sullivan “rap and hip-hop emerged in the 1970’s” (Sullivan 2). As the years and decades past these music styles became widely recognized and accepted in the mainstream areas of America. There are many artists and companies that emerged in this style of music due largely to the financial aspects of the industry. Music is viewed as a social expression. The social expressions in rap demonstrate social insolence like: violence, hatred, explicit language,  criminal activity and the exploitation of women.  The authors Terri Adams and Douglas Fuller state the characterization towards women are very disrespectful and demeaning. For example they write “in this genre of rap music women are reduced to mere objects” (Adams & Douglass 4). Women are described in a negative way in rap music. It is common for rap music to contain derogatory terms and phrases towards women. This genre of music is degrading towards women.         

There is an obvious trend in this form of music which is explicit and detrimental in regards to social expression. For instance “there seems to be a definite trend among some rap artists where misogynistic themes are used in a variety of forms, from mild innuendoes to extreme and excessively blatant defamations” (Adams & Douglass 5). The two authors state there is a pattern occurring in some artists in the rap industry that conveys over the top socially explicit lyrics and terms targeting women. There are many events of inappropriate behavior and explicit terms that are being displayed in this form of music. Certain styles of rap music seem contrary to common morals and the well being of social goals. I am not stating that all rap music promotes these negative connotations but I am making the audience aware of the negative aspects associated with the music.

            It is evident that the this particular genre of music has the capabilities of creating a financial profit despite some of the negative aspects associated with the genre that is the main reason why certain individuals defend the music. Certain rap artists may at times perpetuate lyrics out of context to live up to certain images and also to gain recognition to boost record sales. Not all the lyrics may be true in certain rap songs due to certain graphic and explicit lyrics but it is a technique that works to gain profitable record sales. Research confirms the “lyrics are highly controversial and offensive” (Adams & Douglass 13). Despite the controversy behind the lyrics music companies and artists are not concerned about this issue as long as they gain a financial profit. Offensive lyrics and defamatory statements is a concern that needs to be addressed in rap music. Many individuals overlook the negative aspects of the music due simply to financial gain and perhaps social acceptance.

            Considering that the music is widely noticed and accepted it is important to realize the negative impact it may have on individuals that listen to it. For example “although this genre of music has been embraced by a wide variety of consumers, it is important to emphasize that it can have negative effects on young people who in general tend to be the primary consumers of rap music” (Adams & Douglass 15). Society and responsible individuals should challenge this kind of music and address the negative associations. We need to keep in mind the negative effects of this music and look beyond the financial gain and social acceptance. Although music is a form of expression there are positive ways to express ideas and thoughts.

I have implemented three images to support my essay. Notice the significance of the images. Each image represents a certain category. For example the first image represents the reason why music companies distribute rap music. The second image represents a negative aspect of rap music. The third image demonstrates that many individuals listen to rap despite the negative associations.

Work Cited

Sullivan, Rachel. “Rap and Race: It's Got a Nice Beat, but What about the Message?” Journal of Black Studies. 605-622. 25 November 2010. < http://www.jstor.org/stable/3180978>

Adams, Terri and Fuller, Douglas. “The Words Have Changed But the Ideology Remains the Same: Misogynistic Lyrics in Rap Music.” Journal of Black Studies. 938-957. 25 November2010. < http://www.jstor.org/stable/40034353>

Mcleod, Kembrew. “Authenticity within hip-hop and other cultures threatened with assimilation.” International communication association. 1-17. 25 November 2010. <www.googlescholar.org>

Butler, Paul. “Much Respect: Toward a Hip-Hop Theory of Punishment.” Stanford Law Review. 1-35. 25 November 2010. < http://www.jstor.org/stable/40040171>

N/A. Hip-hop chart. N/A. 11/29/10. <www.google.com>

N/A. Money. N/A. 11/29/10. <www.google.com>

N/A. Parental Advisory. N/A. 11/29/10 <www.google.com>

Greatest Hits 2

Lauren:

The semester is almost over!

“Music and Dancing”(October 21, 2010).

I really liked reading your response in regards to the issue of music. Your response contained a lot of details and it was very descriptive. It was interesting reading your very first paragraph because you mentioned just a brief history of the disapproval of certain music genres such as rock and roll and you compared it to modern day music. I really heard your voice coming out in this response. You offered your own personal opinion on the topic of discussion. Your right music and the other factors associated with it promote illicit behavior. You mentioned “sex sells” in your response and I think you are right. Women in the music industry can use sex appeal as a marketing tool. Do you think that there are stereotypes in regards to women using their sex appeal to market music?

“Manic Monday” (October 18, 2010).

I enjoyed reading your personal narrative because my group members had interesting stories they posted on their blog. The title of your narrative caught my attention. You were very specific describing events that occurred that day. While I was in the middle of reading your second paragraph I thought to myself the title fits perfect for your narrative. Your day could have not got any worse considering all of the unexpected events that occurred that one day. The narrative was well written. I think that you are a great writer. The narrative was consistent. How was your next day? I hope it was better.

“All you need is love” (October 5, 2010).

The response was informative. You were able to provide the audience with several different facts pertaining to the issue of love and how chemistry along with biology play an essential role in regards to that issue. I think that you forgot to indent the paragraphs because the response was really long. The response was concise and consistent in terms of staying on point. For example you clearly define specific terms and elaborate on those terms. I liked reading your personal thoughts in regards to the issue of love. For example you wrote “The odds of finding this perfect person are impossible and unrealistic.” There were a lot of interesting comments as well. I really heard your voice coming out towards the end.

Greatest Hits

Greatest Hits

Katie:

Well I hoped you enjoyed the semester. It is almost over.

“What happens in Vegas…” (October 19, 2010).

I really enjoyed reading your personal narrative. I choice this particular blog as one of your greatest hits because my other group members had interesting stories that they posted on their blog. Your narrative was interesting. Your narrative was descriptive and entertaining. The imagery was good. I was able to create a distinct picture in my mind while I was reading your blog. I’m sorry to hear that your hotel room was not to your standards. Your writing skills are fantastic. The narrative was easy to read. Will you ever go back to Vegas considering what happened in your prior trip?

“To buy or not to buy?”(October 26, 2010).

I liked the topic of discussion in your blog. I wrote my essay on this particular topic, and I explained the negative impacts of materialism. Your response was very descriptive and consistent. You provided textual support in order to support you claims in regards to the topic. For instance you mentioned Twitchell claims there are positive aspects to materialism. You also state that there are negative aspects to materialism which individuals should not over look. I really heard your voice coming out in this response. I thought the response was well written.

“Frida Kahlo”(September 9, 2010).

I thought this assignment was difficult at first because I had trouble describing the painting. You did a good job describing the painting by Frida Kahlo. The way you were able to describe the painting would have enabled me to know what kind of portrait Frida created without looking at the picture you posted. I liked how you gave your own interpretation of the portrait after you described it. I also agree with you that Frida was a great artist. The descriptive response was well written. Did you have any trouble completing the assignment?

Week 12 Blog Reviews

Week 12 Blog Reviews

Amara:

I liked how you provided a concise definition to the term libertarianism. I thought it was cool when you gave your personal opinion in regards to libertarianism. You mentioned the pros and cons of libertarianism. You also touched on the main character of the article. Your response to the article about finance was good. You explained how finance is a new discipline that revolves around business. The examples in your response in regards to the issue of finance provided me with a better understanding of the issue. Your responses are always detailed and specific. They are easy to read and understand.

Amber:

Wow! You really made a bold statement in your first paragraph when you mentioned that government control should be taken away. It would have been better if you would have provided specific examples as to why government control is bad. You are right without government control America would be completely different. I liked your definition of finance. You and Amara made similar comments about how finance emerged. Now I’m certain that finance emerged after World War II. I agree with the article’s statement about finance. There is always a risk involved when dealing with the stock market. Your responses are informative and well organized. I always enjoy reading your responses because you always voice your opinion.

Finance

Armando Teran Jr

11/3/10

English 215

Directed Free Write/ Page 455

            According to the article titled “The New Science of Finance” money is the common desire of all people. The demand for money has gone up in recent years. There has been several different books about investing and managing money that people have found useful. The article states that “finance has only recently become a recognized discipline” (Chance & Peterson 447). Calculating finance is a big deal in terms of financial discipline. The accurate calculations for investing and operating a business can lead to big financial gains.

           

            The article describes different strategies and techniques that can be utilized when dealing with finances. In the investment world many investors can increase their money by doing quick exchanges in the stock market. Investors will also do quick exchanges in the stock market to avoid a loss of money. Dealing with stock is a risky business. Individuals that invest in the stock market can make and lose money depending on how the stock market is doing.

            I have never invested in the stock market. I play it safe. The stock market attracts predators because it is not difficult to scam money from vulnerable individuals that are looking to invest their money in the stock market. I have watched biographies of scam artists that have conned many individuals and companies out of a substantial amount of money by using the stock market as a deception device. I manage my money carefully. I make sure all my bills are paid and I try to save money for other occasions.

Directed Free Write/Page 443

Armando Teran Jr

English 215

11/01/10

Directed Free Write/Page 443

            Sameer Parekh sounds like a villain from an action packed movie. You know the bad guy that attempts to overthrow the government but fails at the end. Sameer is a person who is an advocate of pure freedom. He does not like to be under the control of the government. Sameer uses and sells software called cryptographic. The software cryptographic is designed to distort messages. I do not like Sameer’s approach in regards to how he plans to display his views on the government. Basically Sameer plans one day to over throw the government using his new cool software. The plan sounds highly unrealistic.

            I like living under order and structure. The government provides individuals with order and structure. Without the government America would be completely dysfunctional. I understand that the system does have flaws but it eventually works. Governmental control is for the benefit of the people living under its jurisdiction. Sameer comes from a libertarian background which defies the rules of the government. Ever since he was a child he despised the government and all of the policies.

            I oppose Sameer and all of his ideas. I stand as an American that promotes structure and order even if it comes from the government. I lived in America my entire life and so far it been good. Government control serves a purpose for the interest of the people. Does anyone remember the constitution and the bill of rights? Yeah I like America. Sameer sounds like a terrorist. He needs to keep an open mind and realize the government control is for the benefit of the people.

Week 11 Blog Reviews

Armando Teran Jr

English 215       

10/28/10

Week 11 Blog Reviews

Amber:

You really had an interest in the topic of materialism. I liked how you touched on the main ideas of the article and implemented your own perspective on the issue. The response was descriptive and detailed. I agree with your statement according to Twitchell that Americans have the freedom to buy whatever they want. In the third paragraph I heard you voice coming out. I really like your position on this topic. You wrote “know your budget and stop being materialistic.” Recently many individuals were drowned in debt and what made matter worse was the economy shifting into a recession. I know this due to the media.

Amara:

Your response reminds me of a course I took a couple of years ago. The course was political science and touched on the past of Arizona. I also have lived in Arizona my entire life. I do not plan on moving out; I might do some traveling. You did a good job describing how Phoenix, Arizona originated. Then you touched on potential problems that Arizona is faced with. Your second response this week was equally strong. You had great detail in regards to the issue of Korean immigrants. As I was reading your response I realized that immigrants entering the United States have typical traits like language barriers and labor jobs. I was unaware of the riots that occurred in the early 1990’s. It is amazing to know the Korea American exceed $60,000 annually in income.

Unwelcomed Immigrants

Armando Teran Jr

English 215

10/23/10

Page 246/# 1

           

The article titled “Unwelcome Immigrants “examines the effect of Cuban and Haitian refugees in the labor market in South Florida. According the authors “immigrants arriving in the U.S shores in search of work were described as finding low paid occupations” (Portes & Stepick 2). Cuban and Haitian immigrants primarily took low paying jobs and were able to improve their financial/social status very slowly. Due to their low paying jobs these sub-groups that migrated to America were limited in terms of their mobility. America faced unskilled individuals that depended on low paying jobs to support themselves.

            Overtime Cuban and Haitian immigrants expanded their culture in America. The result ended in the creation of Cuban and Haitian neighborhoods. Cuban and Haitian sub-groups accounted for an additional hundred and forty thousand people in certain parts of America which was a ten percent increase in the immigration status. The two sub-groups were always at a disadvantage in terms of seeking employment due to their limited social and work skills. Many Cuban and Haitian refugees were coming into America illegally according to the immigration naturalization services. The refugees also created conflict in the labor market with other minorities because there were so many individuals seeking low paying jobs.

            The two sub cultures also created their own businesses as a way to provide for themselves. The government also declined certain benefits because of their illegal immigration status. The two ethnic groups took over most of the low paying jobs which resulted in conflict with other minorities seeking employment in the same level. The ethnic groups also increased the population of America which resulted in limited jobs for other Americans. The immigrants were not exactly greeted with a warm welcome when they arrived illegally seeking employment because they sub-groups created a conflict in the labor market.

Unit 3 Peer Group Review

Armando Teran Jr

English 215

10/25/10

Unit 3 Peer Group Review

Amber:

You offered a great explanation on the issue regarding why certain individuals defend the “sexuality and gender stereotyping” in certain music genres like rap and hip-hop. I really heard your voice while I was reading your response. After you quote a selection you should elaborate more on the quote and explain how it’s relevant. Remember to mention the author’s last name when citing a quote. I really enjoyed reading your personal narrative. You were very descriptive in your personal narrative. All of the events that you described in the narrative were in chronological order. I’m glad you made it out alive from that incident. Your personal narrative was interesting and well written.

Amara:

I really liked reading your response. Your response was analytical and you touched on a lot of main ideas. I liked your comments in the second paragraph. You mentioned that sexual lyrics are being viewed as having a positive vibe. For example many lyrics contain explicit words that have a positive connotation to it like: playa, pimp and hustlers. I hear these words repeatedly in rap and hip-hop songs. You really voiced your opinion in the last paragraph stating that rap and hip-hop “does not affirm much of anything.”I liked reading your personal narrative. It was concise and straight forward. It was detailed and interesting. I have gone through a similar situation you described in your narrative (the part of your car not staring). While I was reading the second paragraph I could really picture the situation. Overall you did a good job.

Prompt- 1/Page 418

Armando Teran Jr

English 215

10/21/10

Prompt- 1

           

            According to James Twitchell the term materialism has been misinterpreted over time. Materialism refers to an individual’s possessions. The article states that materialism is a “vital source of meaning and happiness in the modern world” (Twitchell 389). Materialism from my perspective can bring temporary satisfaction but it cannot solve difficult issues. At times individuals have turned to materialism to fill a void in their life but in the end the emptiness is still there. The author claims materialism is valued in today’s modern society. Americans love to spend money and buy items.

           

Women have been stereotyped as being materialistic. The author claims that “consumption habits are gender specific” (Twitchell 390). Men and women desire different items.  The American culture desires materialism. In America individuals have the freedom to purchase any item they can afford or desire. Television, music, friends, advertisement and commercial enterprise influence individuals to purchase items. With easy access to credit cards and bank loans it is easy to become materialistic. 

           

            Materialism has also created debt in American culture. The media and newspaper depict Americans living beyond their means. James Twitchell states that life is not “what you do for a living but what you buy” (Twitchell 396). Twitchell claims that Americans live a lifestyle based on what they own. I think that it is good to own nice items and to spend money if the person can afford to do so. Material items do not define a person it just makes them satisfied for a short period of time. From my perspective if you have the money and want a nice item go and get it because it is worth it.

Directed FreeWrite Page 386

Armando Teran Jr

English 215

10/20/10

Directed Free Write

            The individuals that defend the sexuality and gender stereotyping of hip-hop and other forms of music are the individuals that benefit the most from it. The owners of major record labels, magazines, models, artists and other individuals are willing to express their perspective on this issue and defend the sexuality and stereotyping that come with the territory. Many hip-hop albums come with the statement “explicit lyrics” meaning there is foul language or content in the music. The music videos are provocative and illicit but many people like to watch them.

            The music industry brings in a big profit financially. The music business is known for the exploitation of artists and for financial gain. Certain music genres like rap and hip-hop have to live up to certain images. For example rappers convey an image of violence, troubled pasts and criminal tendencies through their lyrics and other rappers display their wealth, and expensive items through music videos. Women are often exploited in the music videos and in lyrics.

            I rarely listen to rap and hip-hop because of the explicit lyrics and content. I do not think that there is a lot for women to gain from the exposure of certain music genres unless they are the artist. Women are portrayed in a negative way. I do not agree with critics when they stated women actually benefit from certain exposure from certain must genres like rap and hip-hop. I watched a documentary on women and hip-hop. The documentary concluded that women are exploited in a negative manner and they also provided evidence to support their claim.

Directed Free Write/Page 363

Armando Teran Jr

English 215

10/18/10

Directed Free Write/Page 363

            I was contemplating purchasing another car for some time now. My current vehicle at the time was just not cutting it for me and the repairs were becoming too costly. After searching for several different weeks I finally decided to purchase a vehicle from the car lot just five minutes away from my house. I purchased a 2005 dodge neon. The car was intended for me to use for the remainder of my college years. The car was blue and had four doors. The car was not very expensive, and I got a good insurance rate. I also had to purchase new plates which added to the costs.

            I was feeling real good driving to school and work. I had the car for just over one week. The weekend finally came and I was getting bored. I finished my homework. It was around seven o’clock at night, and I decided to rent a movie at blockbuster. On the way back home I was making a left turn into my neighborhood when all of a sudden a black truck crashed into my car. I did not have any time to react; the airbag deployed. I was in complete shock. My car was ruined by the crash; it was beyond repair. The police and ambulance came to the scene. I managed to call my family, and they wanted me to ride with the ambulance to make sure nothing was wrong with me.

            I escaped the car accident with just a bruise on my arm caused by the airbag. I owed several thousand dollars to the hospital and the ambulance. Luckily I was insured and my insurance paid for the bills. The next day I downloaded the police report and filed an insurance claim with the other drivers insurance because it was his fault. For the next week I was driving a rental and using my dad’s truck. I won my insurance claim and received a check in the mail. I got reimbursed for my rental and towing fees. I bought a better car that I have right now. I’m glad everything worked out for me in the end.

           

Week 8 Blog Reviews

Week 8 Blog Reviews

Justin:

I really liked the ideas that composed in your essay. Your response was well thought out and organized. I agree with your statement that America runs primarily on Christian values. However I have realized that many individuals struggle with moral values for a number of different reasons. I also liked your idea pertaining to the issue of men spreading their genes which may result in bad affects to society. I would suggest that you provide evidence to support your ideas in the second paragraph because it seemed to be based on speculation and assumptions.  I also liked your idea regarding to the issue of love at first sight. Your analytical response to the directed free write assignment was good. You touched on all the main points and asserted your opinion very well. You did a good job relating the research being presented in the article to social issues regarding gay rights.

Jackie:

I cannot relate to your experience because I have never truly loved a woman before. I like how you relate the text to your own personal experience. I thought only women had chemicals in their body called oxytocin? In what way does science play a role in terms of having a physical connection? You touched on the main ideas of the article which is always a good idea. I agree with your comments that love is not dictated by scientific chemicals. Love comes from emotion and chemistry. I liked how you started off with a question in your second response. You also answer your question that you posed very well.  I’m not entirely sure what you meant in your second paragraph you might want to clarify. I personally feel strongly that homosexuality is not that answer to any problem.

Strange Comparisons

Armando Teran Jr

10/6/10

English 215

Discussion #1-Pg 339

            This was a very strange article because the author Jeffrey Kluger argues that homosexuality is natural, and he makes a comparison between humans and animals to convey his point. He claims that many animals engage in homosexual activity and it is very common. The writer also states that many different species engage in homosexual activity. Basically the author is arguing that because many different species such as animals are involved in homosexual activity it is natural that humans to behave in the same manner. This article struck me as strange because the topic of discussion is different.

            The author uses the concept of nature in the article to emphasize that homosexual activity is common in different species such as animals and humans. There are individuals that argue against this theory. An observer named Bagemihl states he is misinterpreting his information. Bagemihl claims that Jeffrey should not observe animal sexual behavior to determine if human homosexual activity is “normal or ethical” (Kluger 399).  I agree with Bagemihl, I find this comparison to be outrages and strange.

            I am assuming that the author of the article is a gay right activist. In my personal opinion the idea of homosexuality is wrong. To be honest I really do not like discussing this particular issue but I decided to be open minded. I did not like that author’s attempt to justify homosexuality. Homosexuality defies moral ethics in my personal belief. I am going to have to lean towards the viewpoint of Bagemihl and state that the author should not justify homosexual behavior simply because animals do it.

           

Directed Free write 1

Armando Teran Jr

10/5/10

English 215

Directed Free Write 1

            If individuals view love and relationships from a perspective of chemistry and biology there would be drastic changes. A majority of people view love and relationship with emotion and not from a scientific standpoint. It would be difficult to view love and relationship from a scientific standpoint because it would eliminate all the fun involved with those two issues. I have never viewed love and relationship from a chemistry and biology perspective.

Shannon Brownlee states that “the capacity for loving emotions is also written into our biochemistry” (Brownlee 295). Basically chemicals in the human body generate human love. The author points out that the chemical oxytocin enhances romantic love in women. Brownlee explains that the more oxytocin a woman has in her body she is likely to be more sensitive. To summarize my point emotion can come from biochemistry in the human body which means all humans are capable of having love emotions. Women have a chemical in their body called oxytocin which causes them to be sensitive. This is interesting because many women seem to have a sensitive side to them.

From a scientific standpoint women are more sensitive than men and all humans are capable of displaying emotional love. I also found out by reading the article that the vagus nerve is the organ that gives information to different parts of the human body. The vagus is responsible for connecting emotional information from the brain to the heart in the human body. According to a doctor named Stephen Porges without the vagus it would be impossible to love.

Weeek 7 blog reviews

Week 7 Blog Reviews

Justin:

9/28/10

I thought it was a good idea to assist your brother with his personal problems. I am assuming that your mother did not like the advice that you gave to your younger brother because you mentioned it invoked her to anger. This reminds me of the article I was required to read. The article discussed the issue of how men and women interpret communication differently. I agree with you that women like to discuss how they truly feel and men have the tendency not to display any emotion. I usually attempt to keep my true emotions to myself. I think it is better that way. Your last sentence was great. I will use that as advice.

9/30/10

I agree with you when you stated that heterosexual marriage should be abolished. Marriage has really changed over time. For example there is a decrease in the traditional marriage where a wife stays at home and tends to the house and kids while the husband works. In this current society many women are becoming independent and the divorce rate has sky rocketed. I’m sorry to hear about your situation. I am glad to know that you are doing well now.

Jackie:

9/28/10

I liked your first paragraph. You were open to stating your owing perspective pertaining to the issue of communication with the opposite sex. I enjoy talking to women especially if they are pretty. What I have realized over the past recent years it depends on the location and woman that will dictate good communication. Over the years I have developed great conversations with women at school and work. I would not feel comfortable with my girlfriend sleeping on a bed with another man. This would displease me dearly. I agree that sometimes men and women interpret information differently.

10/30/10

I noticed that your response to the assigned question was very lengthy which indicated that you had a lot to say. You had an interesting response pertaining to monogamy. I think from a moral/Christian perspective that men and women were created to have a monogamous relationship. I liked how your response was concise and very straightforward. You are a great writer.

Save the traditional marriage

Armando Teran Jr

9/30/10

Page 292-#2

            It is important for America to preserve its traditional monogamous marriage because it seems recently that many individuals are turning away from a monogamous marriage and are exposing their infidelity in several different ways. For example many women and men are not being loyal to each other. I know this because of the media, research and watching reality television shows. The divorce rate in America is on the increase. It is important for individuals to be careful when selecting their significant other.

            Containing characteristics that is appealing to someone is a good idea. For example the author Buss writes “people who possess desirable characteristics are in high demand” (Buss 268). In order to have a monogamous marriage individuals should strive to select someone that have appealing characteristics. According to Buss being able to keep your mate is a problem that is on the rise.  The author Buss states that this is due to rival men and women desiring to

 According to Robert Wright the idea of having a monogamous relationship is becoming more difficult.  Robert Wright covers the issue pertaining to why women and men cheat. Wright claims that cheating comes naturally to women and there is evidence to support this claim. Despite the issue of infidelity achieving a monogamous relationship can be accomplished. In order to accomplish this individuals would have to rise to the occasion and not pay attention to all the media.

Week 6 blog reviews

Week 6 Blog Reviews

Justin:

I really enjoyed reading you analysis on the movie “Training Day”. It was a good movie, but it was very explicit. Denzel Washington is a great actor and, he played the role of a corrupt cop very well. You offered a great description of his character. For example you mentioned that his character is a ruthless cop and displays violent tendencies. Your other blog post was just as good. John’s article touched out topics that I never really like talking about. You explain the purpose of your essay very well.

Jackie:

You offered a great synopsis of the movie “Kill Bill”. You did a great describing the main character of the movie. You mentioned that women in the movie are portrayed as either heroes or villains and, they usually get roles like wives or girlfriends. You offered a great example of how women can play different roles not just in movies but in society. I completely agree with you when you stated that John claims that somehow capitalism is connected with the rise of America’s gay identity. You did a good job describing the main points of the article.

Women and communication

Armando Teran Jr

9/24/10

English 215

He said/She Said

Directed Free write pg 246

            Deborah Tannen poses an interesting idea pertaining to the issue of communication between men and women. The author claims that men and women are socially different. According to Tannen since men and women are socially differently they misinterpret information during arguments and discussions. Deborah Tannen states the reason that men and women are socially different is due to the influence of social structure in their childhood. I understand the point that Tannen is making in her article. I agree based on experience that men and women do interpret information differently sometimes. The author provides scenarios in the article to prove her point.

            A conflict I experienced with a woman during a private conversation made me realize that Deborah Tannen’s theories about communication are true pertaining to the issue that men and women are socially different. I was talking to the most beautiful girl at school. She complimented me and was flirting with me. She started to talk about issues that I was not interested in and I began not to pay attention. She noticed that I was not paying attention, and she was angry. She responded by saying “why weren’t you paying attention”. I responded by saying “I was giving you silent attention”. (This conflict was made up to elaborate on Tannen’s perspective of communication)

            According to the author Tannen women like men who listen to them and give them attention. If a woman is under the impression that a man is not listening she becomes irate. Men have the tendency not to convey their feeling through words. I think that it is important for men and women to socialize in a way to understand each other. When I speak a woman I will be sure to pay attention.

Capitalism and Identity

Armando Teran Jr

9/22/10

English 215

Hidden Histories

            John D’Emilio argues in his article that the cause for exposing gay identity in America was caused by capitalism. The term capitalism refers to private organizations creating businesses for profit. The author briefly discusses the history of capitalism in America. His entire article seems based on speculation as opposed to facts regarding to the issue of capitalism is the reason for Americans exposing their gay identity. There are also several other factors to consider when explaining how individuals were able to express their sexual preference openly. John D’Emilio is correct to argue that capitalism has changed over the years, but he is wrong to state that it caused many Americans to publicly express their sexual preference.

            The state of the American family has changed significantly over time due to technology and social networks. Computers and social networks have changed how families communicate. The economy in America has also changed drastically over time just like capitalism. For example American’s economy was skyrocketing to the top before the recession. There were plenty of jobs for individuals and there was no budget cuts going on. The housing market was at its best but then the recession struck America.

            The recession caused America to cut back on many government jobs. Many Americans were unemployed and the housing market crashed. I do not think that capitalism was the cause for the recession or the reason why several Americans decided to expose their gay identity. I think that there were many other factors that caused America’s drastic economic change and the more widely expressed sexual identity by individuals.

Armando Teran Jr

English 215

9/18/10

Real wild women/wild real men

            I could not think of a film so I decided to focus on a controversial show called “The Jersey Shore”. The cast consists of four men and four women who live together in one house and, they roam the nightclubs looking for a good time. The show contains wild women and real wild men. The cast members display illicit and scandalous behavior several different ways. They do not seem to have any morals, but who am I to judge anyone based on their actions. The show is a very popular show nationwide. The cast members are now considered famous. This show pushes the envelope for reality television because of the behavior being displayed by the cast members. You either like the show or hate it.

            According to Beedles “cultures play a huge role in how activities and characteristics ascribed to men and women are defined, deployed and valued” (Beedles 203). The men in the show are Italian. The men are Vinnie, Ronnie, Pauly, and Mike (the situation); all these men are Italian. The show was criticized because the men are giving Italians and the city Jersey a bad stereotype. Politicians and citizens voiced their opinion on showbiz tonight claiming that not all Italian men from Jersey behave that way.

            This show may have stereotyped Italian men from Jersey in a bad way. It would be stereotypical for other individuals to assume that all men from Jersey display illicit behavior at night clubs and at their homes. The show depicts the men fighting, committing fornication, using foul language, arguing and being involved in debauchery. Is this what people really want to see when they turn on the television? It must be because the show plans on airing a third season.  Your either like it or you don’t.

           

Analytic Essay Rough Draft

Analytic Essay

Artificial intelligence in technology has created major controversy among philosophers. The controversy started when philosophers and scientists stated that machines and computers containing artificial intelligence can have a form of consciousness; they also claim computers and machines contain characteristics of a human intelligence. Take for example the philosopher Marvin Minsky; he is attempting to someday create a machine with artificial intelligence that if created it may possibly pass the capabilities of a human brain. According to Davidson “consciousness is currently the focus of considerable philosophical and scientific discussion” (Davidson pg 121). Each philosopher has their own interpretation of the term consciousness. Aleksander is a philosopher who claims machines can have a form of consciousness. Aleksander is in the process of working on a project called Magnus. He claims the Magnus project when completed will convey characteristics of consciousness. Neural network is vital in machines containing a form of consciousness. Neural networks are designed to solve programs and are instilled in computers.

The ideas and theories being presented by the philosophers are complex and they have provoked speculation among other philosophers. There are several different ways to define artificial intelligence. An interesting perspective in defining the words artificial intelligence comes from the author Lawrence Widman. He claims there are several different interpretations of the term artificial intelligence but he defines the term very simply. Widman states the term refers to “programs that perform tasks, which if performed by a human being would be considered intelligent” (Widman pg 49). If computers and machines can complete tasks just like humans according to Lawrence Widman these technological machines display a characteristic of intelligence. There are wide varieties of purposes for systems containing artificial intelligence. There are mainly being used to solve complex problems, the philosophers did not go into specifics regarding the purpose.

Clarence Silva offered an interesting perspective pertaining to machines containing artificial intelligence. Silva examined the different aspects of intelligent machines and stated that “computers may be programmed to exhibit some intelligent characteristics of a human” (Silva pg 2). The several different components implemented into a computer that enable the computer to complete tasks just like a human. Technology can convey intelligence by completing tasks based on the research conducted by Silva. The writer composes a simple explanation to this controversy of artificial intelligence. For example Silva writes “the field of artificial intelligence evolved with the objective of developing computers that can think like humans (Silva pg 2). Minsky and Aleksander are in the process of creating machines that can function just like humans. The machines they are attempting to create will solve complex problems quicker than humans. “Aleksander and Minsky are no stranger to controversy” (Davidson pg 122). The philosophers are still pushing the envelope in regards to the issue of artificial intelligence. A scientist by the name of William Clocksin claims computers that have artificial intelligence are loaded with different human abilities. For example Clocksin writes “artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science with the objective of equipping machines with reasoning and perceptual abilities” (Clocksin pg 2). If a computer system is capable of completing tasks performed by a human this would demand intelligence and therefore making a valid argument for computers displaying a characteristic of intelligence.

Take for example game playing against your own computer. Is the computer being able to think decisively or is it programmed a certain way to complete the game? Clocksin states that this example offers “a limited model for human intelligence” (Clocksin pg 1730). William Clocksin claims in his articles that intelligence is not limited to an individual mind or computer problem solving rather it revolves around other factors. Each philosopher, scientist and any other person involved in this debate have their own interesting ideas pertaining to artificial intelligence. The ideas are complex and create a minor debate amongst other individuals who study this particular issue. Systems that contain artificial intelligence do have limitations but they can function just like humans.

Other philosophers contrast the idea of computers having a form of consciousness and their ability to function similar to a human. John Searle and Roger Penrose are among few philosophers that contradict the theories and ideas mentioned. Searle states that consciousness can only come from a human organ. For example Searle writes “the brain is not a digital computer but a specific biological organ” (Davidson pg 121). Seale claims that computers can not have consciousness. It is difficult to state without having any doubts that machines have a sense of consciousness because they lack criteria that are relevant in human consciousness such as pain and feelings. Despite being challenged by other individuals philosophers that have proposed that computers and machines have a form of consciousness along with displaying characteristics of human intelligence have certainly argued their point by conveying facts.





Work Cited Page:

Widman, E. Lawrence and Loparo, A. Kenneth. (1990). Artificial Intelligence, Simulation, and Modeling. Interfaces, Vol. 20, No. 2, 48-66

Clocksin F, William. (August 15, 2003). Artificial Intelligence and the future. Philosophical transactions, Vol. 361, No. 1809, 1721-1748

Silva W, Clarence. (August 15, 2003). The role of soft computing in intelligent machines. Philosophical transactions, Vol. 361, No. 1809, 1749-1780

Davidson, Clive. I Process therefore I am. New Scientist. March 27, 1993. 115-122

Week 4 Blog Reviews

Week 4 Blog Reviews

Hilary Cummings:

9/7/10

You offered a great analytical reflection of the author article. I understood exactly what you were stating in your paragraphs because I have also read the article. I liked how you touched on many of the main ideas being presented in the article. The issue of machines containing some form of consciousness is a controversy for some philosophers. I think that this controversy is interesting. I have decided to write my analytical essay pertaining to this issue because I have never heard of it. I plan to use Minskys article and other articles to complete my essay. Back to your reflection; it was well written and you were able to compose your own ideas/opinions about the issue.

9/9/10

You did a good job describing the painting. I thought this assignment was a little tough considering I was only required to write what I saw. You mentioned specific detail in your writing pertaining to the painting which is good. You were very descriptive. Overall good job.

Jessica Chee:

9/7/10

I think by stating main points from the article is always a great way to inform other readers what you read. Wright does pose the question if machines can really think and if they truly can will they excel human capabilities. According to your paragraph Wright clearly states that machines can never surpass human capabilities. I think you should have mentioned the ideas of the philosopher Wright focuses on in his writing; it was vital in Wright’s essay. You mentioned that machines can never have a form of consciousness because they can’t feel. I think that one of the philosophers mentioned that not being able to feel pain/feeling is not relevant for a machine to have a form of consciousness.


9/9/10

You described the same painting as one of our group members. It was interesting to know that both of you had different ways of describing the portrait created by Frida K. You did a good job being descriptive. I liked how you gave your interpretation of the painting. I thought we were only supposed to write what we saw and not interpret the portrait.

Jordan F:

9/7/10

Wright does offer interesting ideas/theories pertaining to the issue of machines being able to think and poses some form of consciousness by conducting research. You offered your own opinion on the issue which is always good because not everyone will feel the same way on a particular issue. You are right by stating Wright has vies both sides of the argument. Overall you did a good job.

9/9/10

The painting you chose does seem interesting. It looks very original. You did a good job describing the painting. It is easy to describe a painting but I think it is difficult sometimes to interpret a portrait because it can be subjective. Your descriptive writing is good.

Wounded Deer_Description of painting

Armando Teran Jr


English 215

9/8/10

Frida Kahlo and artistic identity

This particular painting by Friday Kahlo is a painting I have never seen before. I will attempt to describe this painting based only off what I see. There are several different trees in the painting. I also see an enormous lake in the very back along with clouds. The painting contains a very strange looking animal. The animal appears to be a dear. The dear is in a forest. The deer has several different arrows piercing its body with blood dripping down everywhere. The deer has the face of Frida Kahlo along with hair and horns.

The deer seems to be running through a deserted forest which no one has been in for a long time. The dear has very thin legs and large horns. It appears as if it is going to rain soon. The trees in the forest do not have any fruit or any leaves. The trees are dark brown and they seem not to have any life. I am able to see lightning bolts by the lake. The lake is light blue. There are not any bright colors in the painting indicating the tone of the painting which is gloomy.

Basically the entire picture contains a deer with the head of Frida Kahlo in a forest next to a lake. The dear was been shot multiple times with arrows and there is blood dripping down the body of the deer. Frida Kahlo has a creative dark sided imagination. It was difficult to be descriptive about this painting because I could not add any more detail. The painting is original and I am not sure what it means.

Reference for picture:
N/A. Wounded Deer. N/A. 9/8/10. < ritzobrian.tripod.com/kahlobio2.html

Thinking Machines Take Two

Armando Teran Jr


English 215

9/4/10

Thinking Machines Take Two

Robert Wright’s essay discusses a debate pertaining to the issue of machines containing artificial intelligence. Wright concentrates on the issue of machines being able to think. For example he poses the question “Can machines think” (Wright 141). The author uses an example of Garry Kasparov’s chess match versus a computer. Garry stated his chess match against a computer was for the purpose of claiming that computers are not smarter than humans. It was difficult attempting to pinpoint the author’s thesis in his essay. Wright starts his essay by explaining the chess match between Garry and a computer then jumps to his main idea. Wright primarily focuses on the topic of machines containing a form of consciousness.

The article mentions a philosopher named David Chalmers and touches on his theories pertaining to artificial intelligence. Chalmers mentions a robot named Cog. Cog is being built to contain artificial intelligence. Chalmers claims that “Cog is a good model of human data processing” (Wright 143). Basically Cog is a robot that will being able to process date just like a human. Wright states an interesting idea, he states that “you don’t in principle need pain to function like a human being” (Wright 144). The author is making the claim that robots can function just like humans.

Wright’s main point of emphasizes in his essay is clear. He poses interesting facts and ideas about machines having some form of consciousness. The author provides examples from Chalmers theory about robots be able to process information just like a human. The controversy of machines being able to have a sense of consciousness is interesting. In the end machines are built for a purpose and are controlled by humans.

Week 3 Blog Reviews:

Armando Teran Jr


English 215

9/6/10

Week 3 Blog Reviews:

Hilary Cummings:

8/31/10

I thought this free write activity was simple. I chose the same free write. Thoughts and ideas are different. I liked how you mentioned thoughts are like inner dialogue is someone’s mind. You stated ideas are different and I agree with you. According to your blog “ideas start small and lead to something bigger”. I wrote down that an ideas is comes from an individual’s conscious mind. An idea is how someone stores information inside their conscious mind. A thought to me is different. A thought is the process of how someone thinks. I liked how the movie inception changed your view on ideas. I never saw that movie. It must have been a good move since it changed your perception on ideas. This topic was something new to me.

9/2/10

I think that Minsky was very ambitious to attempt to develop a machine that would have a neural network program that would solve complex problem. I said the same thing pertaining to Minsky’s machine. I do not think they his machines would be smarter than a human being. Machines are used as an asset to individuals and they are created by human beings. The machines he attempted to create should serve a purpose to humans.

Jessica Chee:

8/31/10

When I first read your article I was not sure which question you were answering until I read the last paragraph. According to your blog ideas and thoughts come from perception. You also mention that ideas and thoughts “can be explained through science”. How can ideas and thought be explained through science? You describe how ideas are formulated. You explain that ideas come from what an individual knows. These statements were interesting. I liked how you gave examples. I thought it was an interesting statement how you mentioned objects are conscious their surroundings like a thermometer. I’m not sure what your thesis statement was. You have a lot cool ideas pertaining to the subject. I know for a fact that you will make an Awesome English Teacher! Sometimes when we write it could be fun and not always something that is required of us.

9/2/10

You offered a good summary of the article you read. Focusing on the main ideas of the article is always relevant when creating a summary. You had a great example of how certain objects are governed by rules. For example you mentioned a calculator is governed by rules and it serves a certain purpose. You have valid points in terms of agreeing with Minsky. I do not think that a calculator is smarter than a human being. Yes a calculator can solve more math problems than a human, but it can’t perform other functions and complete other tasks. A calculator can only be used as a tool to solve math problem. Creating human intelligence by having a kid is a good idea. That statement made me laugh. You did a great job!



Jordan F:

8/31/10

Those two questions were difficult to me as well. I have never been asked those questions before in my life, but since it was a directed free write I had fun with it. An idea can have several different meanings. I wrote down an idea the main focus of what someone is thinking in their conscious mind. A thought on the other hand is the process of thinking. I liked how you ended your pose by stating ideas and thoughts are unique. They are unique not everyone thinks the same. You did a great job with this free write. I thought your ideas were awesome!

9/2/10

You offered a great reflection of the article that you read by touching on the main ideas. Building robots for a purpose sounds cool. I wonder if Brooks can design a robot similar to what the army intelligence use. I did not know that Plankton existed underwater. Yes small size can have its advantage. Overall you had a good reflection on the article. Good job!

Can computers think?

Armando Teran Jr


8/30/10

English 215

Can computers think?

Marvin Minsky is attempting to someday create a machine with intelligence that will excel the human brain. Minsky is in the process of making a neural network and computer program with hopes of this new technology to excel human capabilities in the brain. Being that Minsky “is one of the founding fathers of artificial intelligence” (Minsky pg 116) there are good reasons to believe that his machine will eventually pass human abilities of the brain. Minsky’s idea revolves around neural networks. According to Minsky “neural networks are not programmed instead they learn to solve problems” (Minsky pg 117). The machine with artificial intelligence that Minsky plans to develop, he claims can solve problems much faster than a person.

According to Minsky “the human brain has only limited records of what it has been doing recently” (Minsky pg 120). Minsky is claiming that the machine he develops could store more information, but he state that it may not be smarter. I do not think that Minsky’s machine will be more intelligent than human beings despite their purpose. The machine may be able to solve certain problems quicker but it can’t complete simple tasks that only a person can complete. I would not rely entirely on a machine to complete a task; I would use the machine as an asset to complete tasks.

I think that Minsky is very ambitious in his attempt to develop a machine with artificial intelligence, but a machine can never replace a human. The reason for my belief is a machine can never do certain tasks that a person can do outside of their purpose. Minsky’s ideas are complex but can be achieved. He poses interesting propositions pertaining to his research. I have never heard of these ideas before. I would have to say that a machine can never replace a human.

Week 2 blog reviews

Armando Teran Jr


English 215

8/30/10

My response to my group members

Hilary Cummings:

Concept of Self:

You offered many interesting ideas pertaining to the issue being discussed. The issue was if we can truly know each other without meeting in person. You stated that individuals can express themselves through a blog website just as good if not better as opposed to a traditional classroom environment. I understood both your scenarios and how it pertained to the issue being discussed. You offered many valid points as to why an online class is better as opposed to a traditional classroom setting. I do agree with you that an online class is at time more suitable for students as opposed to meeting in person. I think you did an overall good job speaking your mind. I in the other hand still think that we can’t truly know someone without meeting them in person.

Without God:

I liked how you started your blog. You began by stating facts from an article claiming that individuals that were religious still are more likely to commit crimes then individuals that were not religious. I think that article is wrong. I agree with you when you said “without God there would be a lot of lost people in the world”. You go on and list reasons why individuals need God. I do not think that we can be good without God. I enjoyed reading your blogs, and I spelled your name right by the way.

Jessica Chee:

The individual self essay:

You offer a lot of great information pertaining to the issue of the individual self. It is completely true most of the time that individuals will only show what they want other people to know about them whether it be online or in person. I understand a lot of what you are saying in your blog. Individuals intentionally display certain type of information about them self and omit other information they do now wan to convey. So basically we can’t really know someone if we have not met them in person right? “We create an allusion for them of how we want them to perceive us”. This statement is true coming from my own personal experience.

Can we be good without God?

My pastor said the same thing that America was founded on Christian values and now America at times is attempting to separate from Christian values. You mentioned some of the Ten Commandments from God stating that people are now not following his commandments. Regardless of what religion an individual is from they should know right from wrong. I think that you did a great job supporting your argument. I like how you speak your mind. You are such a great writer. I know for a fact that we can’t be good without God. One error that I notice when you are doing in text citation remember to put the authors name. You only had the page number. I really enjoy reading your blog. You always have interesting ideas and opinions.

Jordan Fleugel:

There was only one blog.
You are certainly entitled to your opinion. I on the other hand disagree with you. I do not think that we can be good without God because God give individuals purpose in life. I guess it is because I am a religious person. People make decisions everyday whether they are wrong or right. Without God I think the world would be a lot worse. I think individuals should take just the positive traits from their parents. I think it is cool that you are liberal.

Identity: A function of the brain or something more?

Armando Teran Jr


8/27/10

English 215

Identity: A function of the brain or something more?

Question: In your humble opinion, what is an idea? What is a thought? Where do these things come from and why? Run with these elusive concepts, and see where the writing takes you.

An idea in my own humble opinion is the main thing that I am thinking about. The word idea can be subjective because it can refer to an individual’s conscious mind or how someone speaks their mind when they have an idea. An idea is generally a collection of information stored in your conscious mind. Ideas can be kept secret or made public depending on the importance of the idea or circumstances. An idea can be good or bad depending on how a person follows through on it. An idea is what I usually get when I am attempting to solve a problem or deal with a difficult situation.

A thought can be considered an idea. I am assuming these two words are similar because they both revolve around an individual’s conscious mind and they can be kept secret or made public. A thought is how someone is processing their thinking. I get different thoughts throughout the day some good and some bad. A thought is what someone is thinking about. A thought is basically how someone processes their way of thinking.

Ideas and thoughts come from your conscious mind. I think that an idea and thought are two different actions because individuals react differently when composing and idea or though. An idea is what a person is thinking about and a thought is how someone is processing their thinking. According to Hazen “thoughts and emotions can be explained by neurons alone” (Hazen pg 94). Basically in order to explain how humans receive thoughts and ideas Hazen suggests that we need to study the human brain to understand where thoughts and ideas come from.